Abstract Medical applications of ionizing radiation and in particular diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures are the main source of artificial radiation to the world population. Ionizing radiation has the potential to generate adverse health effects in people. To make safer and more efficient use of these radiations, the International Commission on Radiological Protection together with other international organizations has implemented a system of radiological protection based on three pillars: justification, optimization, and limits. In turn, these pillars are based on four fundamental ethical values: beneficence, prudence, justice, and dignity. Given that Chilean legislation does not incorporate these aspects, nor have we found national scientific articles that address these issues for diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures, the present work of narrative review aims to develop a consultation document for health professionals, which contains in a concise manner and with precise definitions, key elements to understand how the radiological protection system works and its ethical values.

Resumen Las aplicaciones médicas de las radiaciones ionizantes, y en particular los procedimientos de radiodiagnóstico e intervencionismo, son la principal fuente de radiación artificial a la población mundial. Las radiaciones ionizantes tienen el potencial de generar efectos adversos en la salud de las personas. Para hacer un uso más seguro y eficiente de estas radiaciones, la Comisión Internacional de Protección Radiológica y otras organizaciones internacionales han implementado un sistema de protección radiológica que se basa en tres pilares: justificación, optimización y límites. A su vez, estos pilares se sustentan en cuatro valores éticos fundamentales: beneficencia, prudencia, justicia y dignidad. Dado que la legislación chilena no tiene incorporados estos aspectos, ni tampoco hemos encontrado artículos científicos nacionales que aborden dichos temas para procedimientos de radiodiagnóstico e intervencionismo, el presente trabajo de revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo elaborar un documento de consulta para los profesionales de la salud que contenga de manera sucinta y con definiciones precisas los principales aspectos que hay que tener en cuenta para comprender cómo funciona el sistema de protección radiológica y sus valores éticos.

RESUMEN Introducción: Existen muy pocos estudios sobre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en jóvenes de territorios indígenas y en estudiantes semipresenciales o nocturnos. En Inírida, municipio de la Amazonía colombiana, preocupaba un posible problema de consumo nunca caracterizado. Objetivo: Caracterizar el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y SPA en adolescentes de Inírida esco larizados en jornada nocturna y semipresencial. Métodos: Encuesta CICAD/SIDUC, ajustada al contexto cultural, al 95% de los 284 estudiantes de la jornada elegida (n = 262). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de corresponden cias múltiples. Resultados: Actualmente consume alcohol el 59%; cigarrillo, el 28%; marihuana, el 21%; basuco, el 3%; éxtasis, el 1%; cocaína, el 1%, e inhalables, el 1%. El 61% considera que en el colegio y alrededores hay disponibilidad de drogas y es fácil conseguir marihuana (62%) y basuco (35%). Se ofrecen drogas con mayor frecuencia en el barrio (56%) y las fiestas (30%). Las personas que más les ofrecen drogas son conocidos (35%) y amigos (29%). El 51% manifiesta haber recibido actividades de prevención del consumo. Conclusiones: La población presenta mayor consumo de las sustancias estudiadas que el refe rente nacional y de la Orinoquía y Amazonía, excepto en cocaína e inhalables. Se corrobora la situación de consumo y se proponen acciones participativas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are very few studies on the consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS) among young people from indigenous territories and evening or blended learning students. In Inírida, a municipality in the Colombian Amazon, there were concerns about a possible consumption issue that had never been characterised before. Objective: To characterise the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and PAS in Inírida among teenage evening and blended learning students. Methods: The Inter-American Uniform Drug Use Data System (SIDUC) survey developed by the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) was adapted to the cul tural context and carried out on 95% of 284 evening and blended learning students (262). Descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analyses were used. Results: Currently, 59% consume alcohol; 28% tobacco; 21% marijuana; 3% cocaine paste; 1% ecstasy (MDMA); 1% cocaine; and 1% inhalants. Also, 61% believe that drugs are available inside and around the vicinity of their school, and that marijuana (62%) and cocaine paste (35%) are easily acquired. Drugs are most commonly offered in neighbourhoods (56%) and at parties (30%). Those offering the highest quantity of drugs are acquaintances (35%) and friends (29%). And 51% stated that they had participated in preventive activities related to consumption. Conclusions: The population has a higher consumption of the substances studied in com parison with the national reference, that of Orinoquía and Amazonía, with the exception of cocaine and inhalants. The consumption situation was confirmed, so participatory actions are proposed.

Abstract The Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha), are known as felt scales and a family with a worldwide distribution, represented by 33 genera and 92 species in the Neotropical region. Some of these species induce galls on their host plants. The aim of this study is to review and update all the information currently known about the biodiversity of Eriococcidae in Brazil and to redescribe and illustrate Acanthococcus lanatus (Hempel), Acanthococcus campinensis (Hempel) and Neotectococcus lenticularis Hempel because Hempel’s original descriptions are very brief and he made no illustrations, and to describe a new species of Acanthococcus Signoret, Acanthococcus papaveroi González, Claps & Juárez sp. nov. A dichotomous key to the Acanthococcus species from Brazil is presented and an updated table of the Eriococcidae known from this country is included, with 34 species and 16 genera in total, each with distribution, host data and type depositories of each species.

Os cães são hospedeiros definitivos de vários helmintos e protozoários zoonóticos. As áreas rurais do distrito de Lobos, no nordeste da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, destinam-se principalmente à atividade pecuária aumentando desta forma o número de cães em fazendas, bem como o risco humano de infecções parasitárias. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar as infecções endoparasitas em cães de fazendas do distrito de Lobos e analisar a sua importância zoonótica, bem como as práticas de risco e hábitos da população rural. Quarenta e duas amostras de fezes de cães obtidos em 21 fazendas foram analisadas pelos métodos coproparasitológicos e testes de coproantígenos, resultando numa prevalência de parasitas de 69,05% e 80,95% das propriedades parasitados. Os parasitas mais frequentes foram Trichuris vulpis e Eucoleus aerophila(26,19%), Echinococcus granulosus(19,05%), Uncinaria stenocephala e coccídeos (14,29%). A análise dos arquivos epidemiológicos mostraram vários hábitos da população rural como fatores de risco associados com a presença de amostras fecais parasitadas e a presença de E. granulosus em propriedades rurais. É evidente que as pessoas das fazendas estudadas foram expostas a vários helmintos que podem causar doenças graves como equinococose cística, que constitui importante problema de saúde pública e econômico a nível mundial.

Dogs are definite hosts for several zoonotic helminthes and protozoan. Rural areas from the Lobos District in the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, are mainly used for livestock activity, increasing in this way the number of dogs on farms as well as the human risk of parasitic infections. The aims of this research were to evaluate the endoparasitic infections in dogs from farms in the Lobos District and analyze their zoonotic importance as well as several risk practices and habits of the rural population. Forty-two dog fecal samples obtained in 21 farms were analyzed through coproparasitological methods and coproantigen tests, which resulted in an overall parasite prevalence of 69.05% and 80.95% of the parasitized farms. The most frequent parasites were Trichuris vulpis and Eucoleus aerophila (26.19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19.05%), Uncinaria stenocephala and coccids (14.29%). The analysis of epidemiological files showed several habits of the rural population considered as risk factors associated with the presence of fecal samples parasitized and the presence of E. granulosus on the farms. It is clear that people involved with the farms studied were exposed to several helminthes that could cause serious diseases like cystic echinococcosis, which can become an important public health issue and affect the economy worldwide.

RESUMO Neste trabalho os autores analisam um modelo de mensuração e de informação, integrando elementos do custeio baseado em atividades e da teoria das restrições, para dar suporte ao processo decisório das organizações. Inicialmente o trabalho resgata, do ponto de vista histórico, quando, como e por que foram criados o ABC e a TOC; em seguida, os dois são comparados, evidenciando-se suas diferenças e semelhanças. Como métodos e técnicas de pesquisa utilizam pesquisa bibliográfica, reflexão dialética com base nos textos selecionados e um exemplo numérico ilustrativo. Conclui-se que o ABC e a TOC são instrumentos gerenciais complementares, não incompatíveis, ao contrário do que afirmam Goldratt e outros estudiosos. O produto final do estudo representa uma contribuição científica para a teoria e a prática em Administração na medida em que destrói o mito da incompatibilidade daqueles dois conceitos e oferece aos acadêmicos e aos profissionais uma nova alternativa de relatório gerencial1.

ABSTRACT With this study, the authors deal with a measurement and information model integrating elements of activity-based costing and theory of constraints to support the decision making process. Firstly they restore, under a historical perspective, when, how and why the ABC and TOC were created; after that, differences and similarities are shown. On this purpose, they follow a numerical example and bibliographical research methodology. As a result, it is demonstrated that the authors conclude by demonstrating that ABC and TOC are complementary concepts, not conflicting, as state Goldratt and other researchers. The result is an important scientific contribution for Business Administration Academia and practitioners insofar destroy de myth of incompatibility of those managerial tools2.